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A . 尺寸，形状缺陷
铸造缺陷casting defects
尺寸超差impropershrinkage allowance
尺寸不合格wrong size
模样错误excess rappingof pattern, deformed pattern, pattern error
壁厚不均differentthickness
铸型下垂mold sag
错型mold shift,shift, miss-match, cross-joint
舂移ram off, ramaway
塌型mold drop,drop off, drop out, drop sticker
上型下沉，沉芯sag( 上型和型芯下垂导致壁厚减小）
飞翅fins, joint flash
翘曲warp age,buckling, warping, camber
铸件变形warped casting
挤箱push up,cramp-off
型裂broken mold,cracked
掉砂crush ofmold, crush
变形deformation,casting distortion, warped casting
- 缩孔（由凝固收缩引起)
缩孔shrinkage,shrinkaged cavity
内部缩孔internalshrinkage, dispersed shrinkage, blind shrinkage
敞露缩孔open shrinkage,external shrinkages, sink marks, depression
缩松porosity, shrinkage porosity,leakers, micro shrinkage, disperded shrinkage
缩陷sink marks,draw, suck-in
芯面缩孔core shrinkage
内角缩孔cornershrinkage, fillet shrinkage
出汗孔extruded bead,exudation
线状缩孔fissure likeshrinkage
- 气体缺陷（由气体引起的孔）
气孔blowholes,gas hole, blow
针孔pinholes
裂纹状缺陷，线状缺陷fissure defects
- 裂纹
裂纹crack
缩裂shrinkage crack
季裂seasoncracking, season crack
应力热裂hot cracking,hot tearing, hot tear
淬火裂纹quench crack,quenching crack
应力冷裂cold cracking,breakage, cold tearing, cold tear
龟裂crack
激冷层裂纹，白裂chill crack
- 夹杂物
夹渣slaginclusion, slag blowholes
砂眼sandinclusion, raised sand, sand hole
其他夹杂物the other inclusion
胀砂push up,cramp-off, sand hole
掉砂crush, crushof mold
硬点hard spot
浮渣dross ( 浇注后在铸型内形成的缺陷，尤其是石墨、氧化物和硫化物的线状缺陷的总称，另外，浇注过程中被卷进去的缺陷成为夹渣和砂眼，两者的区别是形成原因不同）
石墨浮渣graphite dross,carbon dross
氧化皮夹渣oxide dross, oxideinclusion, skins, seams
硫化物熔渣sulfide dross
沉淀物sludge
夹渣物sand inclusion,oxide inclusion, skins, seams
黑点，黑渣black spots,lustrous carbon
涂料夹渣blacking,refractory coating inclusions
光亮碳膜lustrous carbonfilms, kish tracks
- 外观缺陷
浇不足misrun, shortrun, cold lap, cold shut
冷隔cold shut,cold laps
轻度冷隔seam
两重皮plate
皱皮surface fold,gas run, elephant skin, seams, scare, flow marks
漏箱run-out,runout, break-out, bleeder
漏芯mold drop,stiker
未浇满short pours,short run, poured short
气孔blowholes, blow
飞翅fins，joint flash
胀砂，气疱swell, blister
芯撑未融合chaplet shut,insert cold shut, unfused chaplet
热粘砂burn in
热痕flow marks
内渗豆，冷豆，冷隔internal sweating, coldshot, shot iron
外渗物sweating
磷化物渗豆phosphide sweat
铅渗豆lead sweat
锡渗豆tin sweat
掉砂rat, sticker （型砂的一部分附着在模样上而形成的表面缺陷）
- 型芯缺陷
砂芯断裂crushed core,broken core
砂芯压碎broken core
芯面缩孔core blow
砂芯缩孔core blow
砂芯下垂sag core,deformed core
砂芯弯曲deformed core
漂芯shiftedcore, core raise, raised core, mold element cutout
偏芯core shift
- 表面缺陷
沾砂burn on,sand burning, burn in , penetration
粘型（金属型）fusion
两重皮laminations ,plat
机械粘砂penetration ,metal penetration
夹渣结疤scabs ,expansion scabs , corner scab
表面粗糙rough casting ,rough surface
鼠尾buckle , rattail
涂料结疤blacking scab ,wash scabs
烘干不足sever surface ,wash scabs
熟痕surfacedefect casting by combination of gas and shrinkage ( 在靠近厚断面处形成下陷的蛇状伤痕）
涂料剥落wash erosion
气疱blister ,surface or subsurface blow hole
表面粗糙rough surface ,seems , scars
起皮stripping
剥落结疤pull down ,spalling scab
伤痕crow’s feet
麻面pittingsurface , orange peel , alligator skin
热裂痕surface folds, gas runs
泡疤表面surface folds ,gas runs
象皮状皱皮surface fold , gasrun , elephant skin
皱皮surface fold, gas run , seams , scare , flow marks
波纹wave
冲砂wash
冲蚀erosion
- 组织缺陷（铸铁)
球化不良poor nodularity, degenerated graphite
蠕墨化不良degeneratedgraphite
异常石墨abnormalgraphite
开花状石墨exploded graphite
过冷石墨under cooledgraphite , D-type graphite
石墨细小颗粒chunky graphite
石墨粗大kish graphite ,kish
整列石墨aligned graphite
石墨漂浮floated graphite
石墨魏氏组织Widmannstattengraphite
麻口mottled cast iron , mottle
灰点mottle
反麻口inverse mottle ( 与麻口相反，在薄断面处和尖角处形成的麻口）
白口chill
反白口reverse chill , inverse chill
冷豆extruded bead , exudation ,internal sweating
退火不足miss annealing , incomplete annealing
粗大枝晶组织coarsened dendritic
反偏析inverse segregation
比重偏析gravity segregation
溶质偏析solute segregation
宏观偏析macroscopic segregation
微观偏析microscopic segregation
- 断口缺陷
表面铁素体ferrite rim
表面珠光体pearlite rim
白缘，脱碳pearlitic rim , picture frame , pearlitelayer
不均匀断口heterogeneous fractured surface
破碎激冷层scattered chill structure , cold flakes
晶粒粗大rough grain
尖钉状断口spiky fractured surface
冰糖状断口rock candy fracture surface
- 力学性能缺陷
硬点hard spot ( 对铸件，硬点是硬区、白口或冷豆等力学性能缺陷的总称；对铝合金，硬点是铸件内各种高硬度相，如初晶Si相、金属间化合物、氧化物，偏析等总称）
硬度不良poor hardness , too high or lowhardness
- 使用性能缺陷
腐蚀性不良poor corrosion resistance
切削性不良poor machinability
麻点torn surface
锌晶间腐蚀zinc intergranular corrosion
电导率不良poor electrical conductivity
- 其他缺陷
残留飞翅residual fin
残留黑皮residualblack skin
浇道冒口断口缺肉broken casting at gate , riser or vent
端部缺肉inside cut
切口缺肉（压铸件）inside cut
翘曲( 喷丸引起）camber, excessive cleaning
铸件弯曲( 铸件变形）warped casting , casting distortion , deformed mold , mold creep
打磨缺肉crow’s feet
铸造管理缺陷
裂纹crack
压痕impression
残留物
型砂残留sand inclusions
喷丸粒残留residual shot
锌蒸汽向炉壁渗透zinc infiltration into refractory
